Sudoku

Sudoku Hidden Pairs — Finding the Pair Behind the Noise

4 min read  ·  Burmly

Hidden pairs are the trickier counterpart to naked pairs. Instead of two cells that each contain only two candidates, you find two digits that together only appear in two cells within a unit — even though those cells may have many other candidates cluttering them.

What makes them "hidden"

In a naked pair, the two-candidate cells jump out immediately. In a hidden pair, the pair is buried. The two cells have other candidates too. You only spot the pair by noticing that two specific digits have no other home in that unit.

Row 3 candidates: Cell A: {1, 4, 6, 9} Cell B: {2, 5} Cell C: {1, 3, 6} Cell D: {2, 4, 7} Cell E: {1, 4, 6, 9} ← hidden pair here Cell F: {3, 5, 8} Cell G: {1, 3, 6} Cell H: {2, 7} Cell I: {1, 9} ← hidden pair here

Look at digits 4 and 9. Where can they go in row 3? Only cells A, D, E, I for 4 — but check further: 9 only appears in A, E, I. And 4 appears in A, D, E. The intersection where both can appear is A and E. Wait, let me recalculate...

The simpler reading: scan each digit and note which cells in the row contain it. If two digits each appear in exactly the same two cells and no others, those two cells form a hidden pair.

Cleaner example — Row 5: Digit 3 appears only in cells C and G Digit 8 appears only in cells C and G → Hidden pair {3,8} in cells C and G → Remove all other candidates from C and G

After the elimination, cells C and G contain only {3, 8} — which is now also a naked pair, enabling further deductions.

How to find hidden pairs

  1. For each digit in a unit (row, column, or box), note which cells still have it as a candidate
  2. Find any digit that appears in exactly two cells
  3. Check whether another digit also appears in exactly those same two cells
  4. If yes — hidden pair. Remove all other candidates from both cells.

This requires maintaining or scanning candidate lists, which is why hidden pairs rarely appear in beginner solving. They're a mid-to-advanced technique for when basic scanning has stalled.

Hidden triples

The same pattern extends to three digits in three cells. Three digits that collectively only appear in three cells within a unit form a hidden triple. Eliminate all other candidates from those three cells. Hidden triples are harder to spot but appear in expert puzzles regularly.

After any hidden pair or triple: recheck the entire unit. The eliminations often expose naked singles or other pairs you couldn't see before.

Put it into practice

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